Author name: Anil Pantha

I believe ‘everything happens for a reason’. People change so that you can learn to let go. Things go wrong so that you appreciate them when you realize they’re right. You believe lies so you eventually learn to trust no one but yourself. And sometimes good things fall apart so that better things can come together. Sometimes we want all the pain, suffering, agony, miseries, and challenges to vanish and never torment us apart but that remains just a hallucination of reality. We should know that even after the darkest night, the sun rises again. There are people in our lives who relentlessly try to drag us down and break our self-esteem.  People come into your life and you eventually realize that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose. All humans make mistakes. Sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but in the reflection, you will find that without overcoming those obstacles you would never realize your full potential, strength, and willpower. My choices helped me realize that sometimes the hardest decisions a person can make will most likely lead to the best outcomes. What determines a person’s character aren’t the mistakes we make. It is how we take those mistakes and turn them into lessons rather than excuses.  “Not everyone gets happily ever after. Life is real and sometimes it’s ugly and you just have to learn how to cope. Even the bad experiences have something to learn from. They’re probably the most dominant ones. Nothing happens by chance or using luck. Illness, injury, love, and lost moments of greatness occur to test your limits and overcoming that makes you stronger every day. Without these tests, life would be like a smoothly paved road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly pointless.  So make every day count! Hold your head up because you have every right to. Believe in yourself, if you don’t, your abilities will be caged forever. In this world devoid of life, you are the one who brings color. Please don’t allow anyone to make you feel less than what you are. Create your kind of life and live it with no regrets.  “Dream is not that which you see while sleeping, it is something that does not let you sleep. By: Subekshya Acharya, Alumna (Science, Batch: 2078/80)

Robots are human-made electronic machines developed to enhance human life, making tasks easier and more efficient. In the present day, robots are highly intelligent and versatile, capable of solving complex problems beyond human capabilities. Robotics, now in its fifth generation of computer development, utilizes natural language programming, enabling communication and expressions akin to humans, exemplified by robots like Sophia. When utilized effectively, robotics represent the pinnacle of human technological advancement, promising a future of unprecedented development. The concept of robotics dates back to the 19th century, originating in Japan. Currently, Japan leads as the largest manufacturer of robots and robotic equipment, followed by China and America. The global enthusiasm for robots is palpable, with widespread interest in robotics among people. Robotics is a branch of computer science, focusing on devices capable of autonomous operation based on pre-programmed instructions or commands. Many nations are investing heavily in robotics due to its numerous advantages. Robots offer significant advantages, such as round-the-clock operation with maximum accuracy, eliminating the need for rest or breaks like humans. They are highly versatile and intelligent, requiring only charging for power without the need for sustenance. Though initial production costs may be high, the long-term benefits outweigh them, leading to profitability. Major companies like Amazon and Microsoft utilize robots as efficient workers, avoiding the need for monthly salaries. However, the widespread adoption of robots also presents challenges. Automation has led to job displacement for many individuals, as robots work continuously and tirelessly. They operate at high speeds without fatigue, posing potential risks to human employment. Additionally, there are concerns regarding the destructive potential of robots, as they possess advanced cognitive abilities and immense physical strength. While robots offer immense utility, they can be costly and lack human-friendly attributes. In conclusion, the judicious use of robots and robotics can yield significant benefits. However, they remain dependent on human oversight and guidance. Without human intervention, robots are merely inert pieces of machinery. Thus, while robots represent a remarkable technological achievement, their true value lies in symbiosis with humanity. By: Dikshit Bista (Science, L2)

In the age of modernization and advancements, computer technologies such as critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, etc are essential for tackling any problem. Though the advancements are skyrocketing day-by-day many other problems like misinformation, false acquisition, and fraud occur such misinformation must be tackled by us using our Critical thinking Skills. Critical thinking refers to the skill in which a person can distinguish between the good and bad of a situation and subject. It basically a thinking process about what is right and what is not. While with the advancement in technologies are spreading at a rapid speed like as Virus. Much misinformation can cause trouble if we present them in front of other people. Misinformation has a huge impact on our knowledge and can even misguide us from our goals. In the case of this problem, Critical thinking plays a vital role in guiding us through our life problems. Critical thinking is a big mental process as everything we think, first of all, arises from our brain. Everyone has their good & bad sides. As explained in a drawing of circle popularity known as the “Ying & yang Circle”. Misinformation only comes through the act of being naive. Being naïve in this sentence means that we are still unaware of the full truth of the incident that has occurred. Today’s generation of people is more addicted to social sites or social media. Everything we read on those social pages and see is not the truth. People trust these Social sites with like a blindfold. So, the truth is never fully known. Many people in the of getting tens and thousands of likes, shares, and comments attempt to broadcast or post them to know themselves Many conflicts have also risen from such misinformation so, the key to getting out of a lock from this misinformation requires critical thinking, only critical thinking can help us from getting out of circles of misguided and frauds. Evaluating the truth and lies are some objectives of Critical thinking. Through the help of Critical thinking, we can even be mentally strong and can increase our innovative as well as creative thinking. As there is a popular saying by John F Kennedy “Lies have thousand and father but truth is orphan”. We should use our ethics &research even more. This misinformation can harm our relationships and bonds with people who care for us.Therefore, critical thinking as a whole plays a vital role in solving any kind of Economic, social political, etc field by guiding us to become stronger and erasing our weaknesses by providing good opportunities.   By: Sanjam Dahal (Management, F2)

The life full of despair and no hope I remember, it was sad dark and brutal Everyday crying, fighting and trying to survive As if someone had locked me up in a box. A box, filled with their laughter, judgement and evilness I knew my life was unbearably a mess I pushed all my limits, pushed myself as hard as I can Just to reach the standards and gain expectations that they had made for me. But was it worth it? I question myself again and again Who was I really trying to impress? I almost lost me, myself and my voice But then I realized that I must live for me and it’s my choice. The unfamiliar heartbeat now somewhat feels familiar. All the vivid imaginations of mine get more and more clear The realization of self-love, especially after knowing it’s meaning I get this euphoric feeling! Seven legends say, “It’s harder loving yourself than loving someone else.” And yes, they’re right  This realization makes me feel free and alive.        By: Miliska Tuladhar (Management, A2)

Naturalism is a philosophy initiated in the decade of 1870-80, developed specially by Emile Zola. It is a mode, which is considered having close relation with realism. The struggle of the individual to adopt the environment and the Darwinian theory of the survival of the fittest is the central apprehension of this type of tragedy. It is a direct influence and form that was developed with the particular thesis of Darwinian biology in the late nineteenth century. Naturalistic tragedy holds the view that humans exist entirely in the order of nature, everything that happens is a part of it and do not have any spiritual or religious world beyond nature. The characters in naturalistic tragedies are found to be engulfed entirely in some condition, scenario, and circumstances from where their exit is impossible. Emile Zola is an influencing figure to propound the naturalistic interpretation and movement of naturalism in English literature. Miss Julie written by August Strindberg is a tragedy, which views that people’s lives and actions are determined by environment and heredity. It is one of the prime essences of the dramatists and novelists as it is seen to dissect the performance of life. Zola built up a picture of what modern theatre should be as an example of truth to life. It should be social as much as individual, a laboratory of human response, in which the new sociological and Darwinian views of human nature could be put to the test. The naturalist writers like Strindberg argue that the characters could and should assume the scientific method of observing the world, forming the hypothesis, and testing it in the laboratory. Literature in fact is such a genre, which more or less is an influence of a society and surroundings.  People are not alone, they live in society and consequently, the social condition unceasingly modifies the phenomena.  Indeed our great study is there on the effect of society on the individual and the individual in the society. In this context, we shall see that we can act upon the social conditions, in acting upon the phenomena of which we have made ourselves master in men. In this naturalistic drama, the playwrights expose that its central characters are victims of the entire surrounding. The characters are trapped in the state of associations in such a way that their exclusion from it is impossible. August Strindberg is one of the prominent naturalist interpreters, unlike Emile Zola. Strindberg’s ‘Miss Julie’ is a play with this mode of literature.  In this play, the prominent characters Julie and Jean have been in the dumps in such a situation,- where their relief seems impossible. The characters behave or act in a way that they are like dead while living. They represent life with absolute and objective fidelity. Uncertainty regarding what happens next is a prominent aspect of their career ahead. Quality of uncertainty is produced by the naturalistic view of human nature and experience. The naturalistic plays’ characters like Julie and Nora of Henrik Ibsen’s ‘Dolls House’ are always found wounded by their own psychological, social, and economic forces. This influence is so complex that their conduct, character, and behavior cannot be easily judged or explained. The characters in the naturalistic plays are influenced by ‘a whole series of motives’. Their actions are insignificant because their overall psychology, surroundings, and environment seem significant. The prominent character of the play Julie is explicitly found to be a victim of her environment.  Such characters make their effort to alter their circumstances, or they may accept them without protest, or they may live at the mercy of their circumstances. There is no clear-cut resolution. Neither there is any explosive moral judgment. It always presents a problematic view of human experience. Miss Julie’ is a play that basically deals with class, love, lust, and the battle of the sexes and the interaction among them. The young woman Julie on a midsummer night attempts to escape an existence cramped by social mores and have a little fun, dance at the servant’s annual midsummer party. The servant Jean is well-traveled, well-mannered, and well-read.  On one specific night, the behavior between them involves in a sexual relationship though she was flirtitious in festivity for the power of a love bond that is fully consummated. Over the course of the play, Miss Julie and Jean battle for control, which swings back and forth between them until Jean convinces her that the only way to escape her predicament is to kill her. After having a physical relation with Jean, Julie is trapped in such circumstances due to which she neither can live freely nor she can marry him. It becomes problematic to her. She can’t marry Jean, the servant nor live happily with him. Her attempt to overcome the gender, cultural, and environmental forces acting upon her, brings about her own downfall where she is like dead though she is living. This shows that every men and women are merciful creatures, something acting impulsively in response to the hereditary and environmental influences that motivate them. They are found to be psychologically and physiologically complex. For further clarification of it, if we look at Henrik Ibsen’s ‘Dolls House’, another naturalistic tragedy, we find a similar inclination of Nora; who is a central character of the play. She has played a prominent role in this tragedy. From the very beginning, she didn’t live her own life. She herself accepts that she is living a life like a doll. Before she married to Helmer, she was doll of her father where she was compelled of doing whatever her father wished over her. She in fact lived for her father, on his wish, desire, and ambition. Later, when she got married, the same context has been handed over to Helmer, her husband. She has to forsake everything in her live for the sake of her husband and children. We feel that she is like a doll that has been passed from one hand to another. She was

Not a single government in Nepal has served out a full five-year term since, the restoration of democracy in 1990. This is due to the lack of majority support, coalition disputes, or political interference in Nepal. There is hardly a government that lasted for a year. As a result, the government could not completely perform its plan, project, and policies. An unstable government affects the works of the development projects as the priority of government changes based upon which political party is ruling the government. There is also a well-known trend that the development project and plan run by the earlier government is canceled out by the next government. This is due to lethal politics. The major political parties in Nepal play the blame game and pull down each other’s instead of supporting them for good work. So, there is a lack of proper integration and beliefs between the political parties due to the reason when one party is ruling the government, the opposition party always opposes the government no matter whether the government is doing good or evil works. Then why does Nepal need a stable government? In conclusion, a stable government creates an environment of predictability, consistency, and continuity that is conducive to progress in various aspects of society. It leads to the development of the nation and ensures the well-being of its citizens. By: Rijesh Rai (Management, A2)

Life is an unpredictable journey, often presenting us with unexpected challenges that show who truly matters in this life for us. Family ties weave a story of unity, resilience, and selfless sacrifice. Recently, a significant incident unfolded in my life, serving as a powerful example of the extraordinary strength that family ties can provide, especially in the face of unexpected challenges.  As the night immersed us in its pitch black, the echoes of our laughter during the educational excursion still lingered. After a delightful tea break with my friends, I was on my way to drop off my friend to his home along a familiar service road. However, this seemingly mundane drive would unexpectedly transform into a life-changing experience. As I was navigating through a seemingly empty road, the sudden appearance of an individual in my bike’s path was a harsh reminder of life’s unpredictable nature. Despite all precautions, the collision occurred, forcing us to confront the harsh reality of the situation. As the repercussions of the accident unfolded, my father was my hero. As soon as I reached the hospital with the patient, he was already there. I had my injuries attended to swiftly, and my statements were recorded by the officer after a while my dad told me to go home, but he stayed there in the hospital till midnight. The scale of this accident wasn’t minor, the guy had 6 fractures, one being so significant that his knee’s bone was being seen out of his skin. In the following days, He would have 5 operations with a steel rod kept inside his knee. He was admitted to the hospital for almost a month and now, is attending physiotherapy sessions practically every day. Despite the severity of the accident, I had no contact with any of the affairs of this accident except for that very day. It was my dad who took this responsibility upon himself to delve into the affair. He was making regular visits to the hospital, providing them with all essentials, and also going back and forth to police stations. In times of distress, the family transcends its role as a mere support system and becomes a sanctuary of understanding and love. My whole family, despite the state I put them in, created an environment where my concerns and well-being were prioritized over any potential turmoil. Their actions demonstrated that familial ties are not just a bond, but a source of unwavering support that can weather any storm. Even though I caused a serious problem that deeply affected my family, my father never complained. Instead, he stood by me as a constant source of strength and support during a difficult time. His unwavering love and dedication exemplified the true meaning of being a selfless parent. This accident for me kept the emphasis on the importance of recognizing and appreciating the often unnoticed efforts that parents put forth, sacrificing their time, energy, and personal desires for the happiness and prosperity of their children.  Reflecting on the incident that occurred in my life, I’m struck by the incredible strength embedded in family bonds. The sacrifices my parents made during that tough period stand as a powerful testament to the profound love within our family and the lengths parents go to ensure the well-being of their children. In life’s intricate tapestry, the sacrifices made by family members act as golden threads, not only binding us together but also lighting the way toward resilience, unity, and lasting happiness. The incident, unfolding on a darkened service road, serves as a clear example of the unwavering support that family offers, especially during unexpected and challenging moments. By: Samman Budhathoki (Science, O2)

Firstly, asteroid mining is a new possibility that has emerged for humans in this modern era. Asteroids are solid masses containing different minerals that revolve around the solar system. They contain valuable minerals such as gold, platinum, and titanium, which can be worth trillions of dollars. If we are able to mine such asteroids, it will benefit not only humans but also Mother Earth. Similarly, outer space is a vast expanse that is hard to imagine. The fastest man-made object travels at a speed of 180,000 kilometers per second, which may seem fast but is very slow compared to the enormous space. Astrophysicists estimate that it will take around 8,000 years for us to reach the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, at this speed. Space exploration can help us develop new technologies that enable faster travel. Also, while our Mother Earth has been kind to us, species have thrived in it. In the past few million years, there have been five mass extinctions on Earth, with the extinction of dinosaurs being the most well-known. We cannot say that the mass extinction of humans will not occur. Space exploration helps researchers find ways to evacuate humans from Earth during times of catastrophe, ensuring the continuation of our civilization in the universe. Many people raise the topic that there are more pressing problems on Earth, such as poverty, or argue that space missions are pointless and expensive. However, many of the things we use today are a result of space exploration. For instance, the small and compact camera in your smartphone was invented for NASA’s space program. We use scratch-resistant Gorilla Glass, which was developed for astronauts’ space suits. The invention of water filtration, which we use in our daily lives, was driven by the expensive cost of sending water into space for astronauts. As of now, we understand the significance and advantages of space exploration. Have humans taken any steps to explore the enormously large space with infinite possibilities? Yes, there have been many successful space programs by different space organizations. NASA, a US government-funded space organization, has sent humans to the moon and launched powerful telescopes into outer space for detailed views of our universe and celestial bodies such as black holes, dwarf stars, neutron stars, and exoplanets. They have also discovered many Earth-like habitable planets. Recently, they launched the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which provides even clearer and higher-resolution pictures of different galaxies. Similarly, SpaceX, a private space and research company, has succeeded in making reusable rockets, which can reduce the cost of exploration. Lastly, we have ISRO, an Indian government-funded space and research organization, which has successfully traveled to different planets and landed rovers or satellites for research on Mars and the Moon. These missions help us understand their atmospheric compositions and the possibility of life. There are many other planned future space programs as well. In a nutshell, space exploration has become significant for our daily lives and the future of human civilization. Space holds enormous possibilities, and as human beings, we explore it not because we have to, but because we see the benefits in it. Space exploration will only increase and make our lives easier in the future. Therefore, we should support it, recognizing its significance and importance in our lives. By: Prazen Maharjan (Science, I1)

Commencing my M.A. studies marked the end of a five-year hiatus from academia. Before this, my educational journey had been consistent up to the attainment of my bachelor’s degree. Upon venturing into Kathmandu for further academic pursuit, I found myself engulfed by the bustling urban landscape for an extended period. Nevertheless, my ardor for learning remained unwavering. Thus, five years later, I embarked on my master’s degree program in Nepali studies, braving myriad challenges. As I stepped into the M.A. classroom, a sense of emptiness engulfed me; the majority of the subject matter had faded from memory, leaving me only with a certificate but devoid of substantial knowledge. It dawned upon me that a mere certificate is incapable of preserving knowledge or assessing human worth. Despite our relentless pursuit of accolades for academic excellence, I found myself unable to accurately transcribe the teachings delivered by the instructor during lectures. On one occasion, a teacher caught sight of my deficient notes and, with a wry smile, proceeded to read them aloud to the class. Laughter ensued among my peers, mirroring my inability to contain tears. Subsequently, the instructor advised against pursuing further studies in the subject. Following that disheartening incident, my subsequent actions remain undisclosed. However, I am inclined to recount another noteworthy occurrence related to the subject matter: during a picnic at ‘Changunarayan’, Bhaktapur, amidst the break between internal evaluation exams, a query resounded from the teacher who had dissuaded me from Nepali studies, “Who bears the roll number forty-four?” Stepping forward from the crowd, I claimed the aforementioned number, leaving him dumbfounded. After a prolonged moment of disbelief, he verified my roll number once more, to which I presented my identity card. His reaction was one of speechless astonishment. Having exerted myself to the utmost, his response neither praised nor condemned my efforts. The following day, amidst the classroom setting, the instructor announced the exam results, extending congratulations for achieving the highest marks. Tears welled up in my eyes for the second time: once from humiliation, and now from acknowledgment. Surpassing classmates who held double degrees or topped their respective colleges during their bachelor’s studies, I emerged as the highest achiever in the class. Subsequent exam results further validated my academic prowess, securing the top position in the college. Concurrently pursuing a master’s degree while employed in the hotel industry posed a stark dichotomy between my professional obligations and academic pursuits, given the technical nature of my workplace environment. Despite returning home exhausted each night, I maintained a disciplined routine of attending college with my bag in tow, underscoring my unwavering commitment to education. Moreover, my passion for learning transcended mere vocational pursuits. Capitalizing on downtime during commutes, I recorded lectures on my mobile device, leveraging public transit journeys to review course materials. Financial constraints were not a hindrance, allowing me to procure an extensive array of reference materials and meticulously compile my notes, distinct from those provided by instructors. With two days off per week, including Saturdays, I dedicated my leisure time exclusively to intensive studying, eschewing recreational activities in favor of academic enrichment. Engaging in critical analysis of texts, I synthesized information from diverse sources, fostering a deep understanding of the subject matter. Collaborative study sessions with peers facilitated long-term retention and comprehension. Thus, armed with meticulously crafted study aids and an insatiable thirst for knowledge, I excelled in my examinations. Subsequently, I transitioned into an instructional role within the same college where I completed my master’s degree. Remarkably, the very instructor who had once disparaged my academic pursuits now found himself among the faculty. Despite harboring no inclination to retaliate verbally, the passage of time had unequivocally vindicated my academic capabilities. Nevertheless, societal prejudices persisted, as evidenced by a disheartening encounter during a visit to a friend’s private school in Balaju. Introducing me as a distinction holder in Nepali studies and a prospective Ph.D. candidate in the same field, my friend’s enthusiasm was met with reluctance from a parent, who opined that individuals from the Newar community ought to pursue careers in engineering or medicine. According to him, the study of Nepali language and literature was incongruous with the societal expectations imposed upon Newars, thereby diminishing any academic achievements, including a Ph.D. degree, in this field. Despite his apparent education and sophistication, he epitomized the entrenched societal stereotypes that persist despite constitutional prohibitions. In conclusion, the insidious influence of societal biases continues to pervade educational and professional spheres, perpetuating divisions based on caste and profession. Despite constitutional mandates to the contrary, these prejudices endure, underscoring the imperative for concerted efforts to dismantle systemic barriers and foster inclusive academic and professional environments. By: Dr. Jivan Shrestha

The first day of high school, the day I upgraded my life,  Grey uniform and a pair of shoes in front of my eyes,  And then carrying a school bag which was twice my size.  This is how I stepped into my high school, it’s really horrible to describe. Despite the lengthy books with barbarous pages,  And the times I raged after seeing the puzzling math formulas,  The school days I missed, pretending my sickness,  Along with the nights I spent completing the projects that were endless. Well, these were the best moments I ever lived,  It’s hard to abandon them now, as it’s now my time to leave.  Leaving the school, with all the memories treasured within me,  My high school and the life here, forever grateful I will be.